The length of time you must own something for it to be considered personal property and not subject to import duty varies by country, but a common rule of thumb is at least 6 to 12 months of prior ownership before import.

Key factors most customs authorities consider:

Ownership duration – Usually at least 6 months prior to import.

Usage – The item must have been used by you (not new or unused).

Intention – It must be for personal use, not for resale.

Residency change – If you're relocating, many countries offer duty-free import for household goods under "personal effects" if owned and used for 6–12 months before moving.

Temporary import – If you're just visiting (not moving), some countries allow temporary import of personal items duty-free, assuming you'll take them back when you leave.

Examples:

U.S.: No duty on personal effects used abroad for 1+ year. For moves, household goods used for 1 year may be duty-free.

UK: To claim Transfer of Residence (ToR) relief, goods must have been owned and used for at least 6 months.

EU countries: Often require 6+ months of ownership and use before import to qualify for relief from duty/VAT.

Canada, You can bring personal belongings duty- and tax-free if:

You owned and used the goods before arriving.

You have owned, used, and possessed the goods for at least 6 months before your arrival (this is key).

The goods are for personal use only, not resale.

You are settling in Canada as a new resident, former resident returning, or temporary resident (like a student or worker).

Common items that qualify:

Furniture, electronics, clothes

Tools of your trade

Vehicles (with separate requirements – more below)